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GSO single crystal is used as a scintillator in medical imaging equipment like PET (Positron Emission Tomography) scanners and other radiation detection equipment. Its superior energy resolution, fast decay
time, large light output support quick and high precision
radiation detection. |
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Features |
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Ion Batteries |
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 Stopping power |
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Dense and high absorption coefficient for gamma-ray. |
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Glass-like Carbon |
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Scintillation properties |
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High light output and short decay time. |
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<HALOX> |
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Uniformities |
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Excellent energy resolution and uniform light output. |
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<HALOX-Z> |
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Temperature response |
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Small decrease in light output at 100°C. |
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 GSO
Single Crystal Scintillator |
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Radiation hardness |
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Almost no degradation in scintillation properties at |
Automotive-Related |
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10*6 gray. |
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Products Category List |
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Products Alphabetical List |
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Application |
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Hitachi Chemical Co., Ltd |
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Gamma-ray and X-ray detectors such as PET, well logging and high energy physics. |
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GSO Single Crystal Crystal growth furnace for GSO |
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Characteristics |
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| Crystal Scintillators |
GSO |
BGO |
LSO |
YSO |
YAP |
CWO |
Nal:TI |
| Density (g/cm3) |
6.71 |
7.13 |
7.4 |
4.45 |
5.55 |
7.9 |
3.67 |
| Radiation length (cm) |
1.38 |
1.11 |
1.14 |
2.75 |
2.67 |
1.06 |
2.6 |
| Decay constant (ns) |
30 - 60 |
300 |
40 |
280 |
28 |
5000 |
230 |
| Light yield (relative) |
20 |
7 - 12 |
40 - 75 |
30 - 45 |
40 |
30 - 40 |
100 |
| Peak emission λem (nm) |
430 |
480 |
420 |
347 |
347 |
480 |
415 |
| Index of refraction (at) |
1.85 |
2.15 |
1.82 |
1.94 |
1.94 |
2.25 |
1.85 |
| Radiation hardness (gray) |
106 |
102-3 |
105 |
104 |
104 |
103 |
10 |
| Hygroscopicity |
no |
no |
no |
no |
no |
no |
Strong |
| Melting point (°C) |
1950 |
1050 |
2050 |
1980 |
1850 |
1300 |
651 |
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GSO Single Crystal for PET |
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About PET |
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A PET, which can find out a small cancer with a few mm, is a new diagnostic imaging |
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technique different from traditional diagnostic techniques, such as X-ray CT (X-ray |
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transmission computed tomography) and MRI (magnetic resonance imaging). |
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Mechanism of the PET is based on a principle that the cancer consumes sugars as many |
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times more than normal tissues. Compounds of specific sugar are labeled with positron- |
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emitting tracer and are injected into the patient. These tracers collect to the cancers while |
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emitting positrons. The positron will then combine with an electron from surroundings and |
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convert to two gamma-rays flying off at 180 degrees from each other.
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An array of radiation detectors is located around the human body as a cylinder in the PET |
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equipment for detecting these gamma-rays. We can assume that the tracer is on a line |
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connecting the centers of the two detectors detecting each of gamma-ray in coincidence. |
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Lines of response connecting the coincidence detectors detecting gamma-rays come from |
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numbers of tracers distributed in the human body and are used in the image reconstruction. |
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Function of GSO single crystal |
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In the PET, scintillation crystals are used for the radiation detectors. The scintillation |
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detector consists of a scintillating material which emits photons following interaction with |
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ionizing radiation such as gamma-ray. The photons are detected by one or more |
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photomultiplier tubes (PMT). A Ce-doped Gd 2 SiO 5 single crystal (GSO) is an excellent |
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scintillator material applied for the detectors in the PET.
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There are some single crystal scintillators that have been used in PET applications |
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including Bi 4 Ge 3 O12(BGO) and Ce-doped Lu2SiO5 (LSO). GSO single crystal |
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scintillators made by Hitachi Chemical have superior energy resolution, fast decay time |
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and large light output for gamma-ray detection and meet the requirements of fast |
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and high sensitivity PET. |
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